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Network and Routing Basics B-1
Appendix B
Network and Routing Basics
This chapter provides an overview of IP networks and routing.
Basic Router Concepts
Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area
network (LAN). However, providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can
be very expensive. Because of this expense, Internet access is usually provided by a slower-speed
wide-area network (WAN) link such as a cable or DSL modem. In order to make the best use of the
slower WAN link, a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic
meant for the Internet. The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router.
What is a Router?
A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in
the data and on routing tables maintained by the router. In these routing tables, a router builds up a
logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers
in the network. Using this information, the router chooses the best path for forwarding network
traffic.
- Reference Guide for the 1
- Model RT311 and RT314 1
- Internet Access Gateway 1
- Trademarks 2
- Statement of Conditions 2
- Contents 5
- About This Guide 15
- Typographical Conventions 17
- Special Message Formats 17
- Chapter 1 19
- Introduction 19
- 1-2 Introduction 20
- Autosensing 10/100 Ethernet 21
- Security 22
- Maintenance and Support 23
- 1-6 Introduction 24
- Chapter 2 25
- Setting Up the Hardware 25
- 2-2 Setting Up the Hardware 26
- The Router’s Front Panel 27
- 2-4 Setting Up the Hardware 28
- Table 2-1. LED Descriptions 28
- The Router’s Rear Panel 29
- Connecting the Router 30
- Setting Up the Hardware 2-7 31
- Connecting the Power Adapter 32
- Verifying Power 32
- Chapter 3 33
- Preparing Your Network 33
- 3-2 Preparing Your Network 34
- Configuring TCP/IP Properties 36
- Your Internet Account 39
- Ready for Configuration 42
- Chapter 4 43
- Figure 4-3 below: 45
- Chapter 5 49
- Dynamic DNS 50
- Password 50
- LAN Setup 51
- LAN TCP/IP 52
- Port # Server IP Address 55
- Default 0.0.0.0 55
- 80 (HTTP) 192.168.0.33 55
- 21 (FTP) 192.168.0.33 55
- Static Routes 56
- Static Route Example 58
- Chapter 6 61
- Maintenance 61
- 6-2 Maintenance 62
- Maintenance 6-3 63
- DHCP Table 64
- Software Upgrade 64
- Erase the Configuration 65
- 6-6 Maintenance 66
- Chapter 7 67
- Configuration 67
- Using the Manager Interface 70
- Figure 7-2. Manager Main Menu 71
- Navigating the Manager 72
- Manager Menu Summary 72
- General Setup Menu 74
- WAN Setup 75
- Field Description 77
- Manager Password Setup 79
- Menu 23 - System Password 80
- Old Password= ? 80
- New Password= ? 80
- Retype to confirm= ? 80
- Chapter 8 81
- Router for Internet Access 81
- Port # IP Address 84
- 80 (HTTP) 192.168.0.3 84
- 21 (FTP) 192.168.0.3 84
- Setting Static Routes 85
- Chapter 9 91
- Terminal Baud Rate 94
- Log and Trace 94
- Syslog and Accounting 95
- Diagnostic Menu 96
- Connection 98
- Software Update 99
- Command Interpreter Mode 101
- Chapter 10 103
- Configuring Filters 103
- Configuring a Filter Set 104
- 10-4 Configuring Filters 106
- Configuring Filters 10-5 107
- Configuring a Filter Rule 108
- Configuring Filters 10-7 109
- 10-8 Configuring Filters 110
- Generic Filter Rule 111
- Applying a Filter Set 112
- Default Filters 113
- 10-12 Configuring Filters 114
- Chapter 11 115
- Troubleshooting 115
- LNK/ACT LEDs Not On 116
- Troubleshooting 11-3 117
- Troubleshooting 11-5 119
- 11-6 Troubleshooting 120
- Troubleshooting 11-7 121
- Using a Serial Connection 122
- Using FTP 123
- 11-10 Troubleshooting 124
- Appendix A 125
- Technical Specifications 125
- Appendix B 127
- Network and Routing Basics 127
- Routing Information Protocol 128
- IP Addresses and the Internet 128
- 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x 129
- 128.1.x.x to 191.254.x.x 129
- 192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x 129
- Subnet Addressing 131
- Table B-2. Netmask Formats 132
- Private IP Addresses 133
- Domain Name Server 135
- Ethernet Cabling 136
- Cable Quality 137
- Glossary 139
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