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FR328S ProSafe Firewall with Dial Back-Up Reference Manual v2
Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics B-5
M-10207-01, Reference Manual v2
Subnet Addressing
By looking at the addressing structures, you can see that even with a Class C address, there are a
large number of hosts per network. Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of
a routed link requires a different network number. It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would
have that many devices. You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet
addressing.
Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical
networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead.
A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most
organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet
addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as shown below.
Figure 8-3: Example of Subnetting a Class B Address
A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses. For example, the
IP address of 172.16.0.0 is assigned, but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum, allowing
eight extra bits to use as a subnet address. The IP address of 172.16.97.235 would be interpreted as
IP network address 172.16, subnet number 97, and node number 235. In addition to extending
the number of addresses available, subnet addressing provides other benefits. Subnet addressing
allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different
subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the
organization.
Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address, note that you are
not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting. To create more network numbers, you need only
shift some bits from the host address to the network address. For instance, to partition a Class C
network number (192.68.135.0) into two, you shift one bit from the host address to the network
address. The new netmask (or subnet mask) is 255.255.255.128. The first subnet has network
number 192.68.135.0 with hosts 192.68.135.1 to 129.68.135.126, and the second subnet has
network number 192.68.135.128 with hosts 192.68.135.129 to 192.68.135.254.
7262
C
lass B
Network Subnet Node
- FR328S ProSafe Firewall 1
- Reference Manual v2 1
- Contents 5
- Glossary 10
- Chapter 1 11
- About This Manual 11
- How to Use this Manual 12
- How to Print this Manual 13
- Chapter 2 15
- Introduction 15
- Protocol Support 16
- Introduction 2-3 17
- What’s in the Box? 18
- The Firewall’s Front Panel 19
- The Firewall’s Rear Panel 20
- Chapter 3 21
- Configuration Requirements 22
- DSL modem 24
- 87654321 25
- IN TERN ET 25
- Figure 3-7: Setup Wizard 29
- 2. Click Next 29
- ISP Does Not Require Login 36
- ISP Does Require Login 36
- Chapter 4 39
- Serial Port Configuration 39
- Configuring Auto-Rollover 41
- How to Configure Dial-in 43
- Serial Connection 44
- 4-8 Serial Port Configuration 46
- Chapter 5 47
- Protecting Your Network 47
- Protecting Your Network 5-3 49
- Services 51
- Protecting Your Network 5-7 53
- Figure 5-5. Rules menu 53
- 5-8 Protecting Your Network 54
- Protecting Your Network 5-9 55
- 5-10 Protecting Your Network 56
- Protecting Your Network 5-11 57
- 5-12 Protecting Your Network 58
- Order of Precedence for Rules 59
- How to Set Your Time Zone 60
- 5-16 Protecting Your Network 62
- Chapter 6 63
- Managing Your Network 63
- 6-2 Managing Your Network 64
- Managing Your Network 6-3 65
- Viewing Attached Devices 66
- Managing Your Network 6-5 67
- 6-6 Managing Your Network 68
- Examples of log messages 69
- 6-8 Managing Your Network 70
- Managing Your Network 6-9 71
- Managing Your Network 6-11 73
- Figure 6-9: Diagnostics menu 73
- Enabling Remote Management 74
- How to Upgrade the Router 75
- 6-14 Managing Your Network 76
- Chapter 7 77
- Advanced Configuration 77
- Configuring LAN IP Settings 78
- MTU Size 79
- 7-4 Advanced Configuration 80
- Configuring Dynamic DNS 82
- How to Configure Dynamic DNS 83
- Using Static Routes 84
- 7-10 Advanced Configuration 86
- Chapter 8 87
- Troubleshooting 87
- Power LED Not On 88
- Troubleshooting 8-3 89
- Troubleshooting 8-5 91
- 8-6 Troubleshooting 92
- 3. Click on OK 92
- Troubleshooting 8-7 93
- Problems with Date and Time 94
- Appendix A 95
- Technical Specifications 95
- EN 55 022 (CISPR 22), Class B 96
- VCCI Class B 96
- Appendix B 97
- IP Addresses and the Internet 98
- Subnet Addressing 101
- Table 8-2. Netmask Formats 102
- Private IP Addresses 103
- Related Documents 105
- IP Configuration by DHCP 106
- Ethernet Cabling 107
- Category 5 Cable Quality 108
- Inside Twisted Pair Cables 109
- Appendix C 113
- Preparing Your Network 113
- C-2 Preparing Your Network 114
- C-8 Preparing Your Network 120
- Are Login Protocols Used? 121
- Restarting the Network 124
- Glossary 125
- 2 Glossary 126
- 4 Glossary 128
- 6 Glossary 130
- 8 Glossary 132
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